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Mandarin
orange (Citrus reliculata Blanco) ranks first
among the citrus fruits and is cultivated in India
even at altitudes of 1500 m. It is mainly produced
in Maharashtra, Karnataka, West Bengal, Orissa,
Assam,, Meghalaya, Shillong, Arunachal Pradesh
and other North Eastern States. Trial cultivation
of Mandarin has been reported from Bihar and Himachal
Pradesh. The total production is reckoned at about
760 thousand tonnes per year.
Loose jacketed orange such as
Nagpur Santra, Coorg orange, Kamala orange of
Manipur, Khasi orange of Assam, Sikkim orange
of Darjeeling and Kinnow of Punjab belong to the
category of Mandarins in India.
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Some
of the finest Mandarins are grown in Nagpur, Amroati
and Wardha districts of Maharahatra, and in the
Coorg district of Karnataka. Kinnow orange is
becoming popular in recent years in Punjab.
Mandarin is grown in the tropical
/ sub-tropical regions 35° N to 35° S
of equator. Together with allied citruses like
Tangerine, Clementine and Satsuma, the world production
of Mandarin in 1986 was about 4.1 million tonnes,
it is mainly produced in USA, Brazil, Mexico,
Spain, Italy, Greece, India, Israel, Argentina,
Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Venezuela, Cuba,
Turkey, Algeria, Morocco, Egypt, S. Africa, China,
Japan and Australia.
Mandarin is widely consumed as
fresh fruit in India. It is also used for producing
canned segments, juice, juice concentrate, squash,
beverages, jams and marmalades. The peel of Mandarin
is the source of essential oil and pectin. It
can also serve as a basic material for the production
of cattle feed, candies and alcohol.
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| States |
Actual Locations |
Varieties |
| Maharashtra |
Nagpur, Amraoti and Wardha
districts |
Nagpur Santra is finest
of Mandarins |
| Karnataka |
Coorg, Hassan and Chickmangalur
districts |
Coorg Mandarin (English)
and kodagu kittale(kannada) very popular in
S. India. |
| Tamil Nadu |
Nilgiri, Palni, Shevroy
and Yerkaud falls. |
- |
| Kerala |
Wynaad tract |
- |
| Bihar |
Cultivation started |
Nagpur orange |
| Orissa |
Hilly areas of Koraput,
Ganjam, Phulbani and Dhenkanal and Sambalpur
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Mandarin |
| West Bengal |
Three hill-sub divisions
of Darjeeling district |
Khasi orange, Mandarin
orange or Darjeeling orange |
| Assam |
Tinsukia and Dibrugarh
districts: Nagajanka in jorhat district, Majbat
in Darrang district, Jatinga valley in north
Cachar hill district; and in Kamrup district
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Khasi orange, Assam orange |
| Punjab |
Kinnow orange successfully
grown throughout the state. |
Kinnow orange (hybrid
Mandarin), becoming very popular. |
| Haryana |
Sirsa, Hissar, Jind. Ambala
and Kurukshetra |
Mandarin orange; Fruit
drop is a serious problem. |
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